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Business Asset Disposal Relief is a type of tax relief which reduces the amount of Capital Gains Tax due after disposing of an asset. This was previously known as Entrepreneurs Relief (ER). In this article we explain what Business Asset Disposal Relief is, how it works, and what it means for Capital Gains Tax.
To understand BADR, we need to start with Capital Gains Tax (CGT, and yes, accounting is overflowing with acronyms). We explain Capital Gains Tax in more detail in a separate article, but it’s essentially a tax that you pay on any profits that you make when you dispose of an asset. That profit is a ‘gain’, so CGT is a tax on the gain that you make.
The term ‘disposal’ can be misleading as it doesn’t always mean the asset is sold. Disposing of a business asset can also mean giving it away, or swapping it for something. It might also mean:
Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) is only available to individuals operating a business and disposing of a business asset. This disposal may be the sale of an entire business, or the sale of shares. The types of business where BADR applies include the following:
With BADR, individuals pay Capital Gains Tax at a rate of 10% on any gains they make when disposing of qualifying business assets. It’s a significant reduction for higher rate taxpayers, where the rate of CGT will be reduced from 24%, to just 10%. The rate of Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) will increase to 14% from 6th April 2025.
BADR is only available to individuals who own their business or shares in a company. It doesn’t apply to companies in general, so a company can’t apply for relief using BADR.
Similarly, it only applies to the qualified disposals of assets from the business. BADR cannot be used to dispose of investment assets, and can only be used by trading businesses.
It’s worth noting that you can only claim BADR up to a lifetime limit, which is currently set to £1 million.
Record any claims that you make, and refer to this information to make sure you don’t exceed the lifetime limit. If you do reach the £1 million limit then CGT will apply at the regular rate. The tables below show the rate of Capital Gains Tax payable by basic rate and higher rate taxpayers when BADR isn’t included.
Capital Gains Tax 2023/24 |
Capital Gains Tax Up to 30th Oct 2024 |
Capital Gains Tax From 30th Oct 2024 |
|
Gains from residential property | 18% | 18% | 18% |
Gains from other chargeable assets | 10% | 10% | 18% |
Capital Gains Tax 2023/24 |
Capital Gains Tax Up to 30th Oct 2024 |
Capital Gains Tax From 30th Oct 2024 |
|
Gains from residential property | 28% | 24% | 24% |
Gains from other chargeable assets | 20% | 20% | 24% |
You can use BADR any time you dispose of some, or all, of a business or shares at the end of ownership, as long as qualifying criteria are met. There are no limits to how many times you use it, but the lifetime total is now capped at £1 million.
There are two ways through which you can apply to claim BADR if you qualify for the scheme.
You can put in a claim for BADR up until 31st January, one year on from the end of the tax year in which the business disposal was made. For example, if you completed a business disposal on 15 May 2023, then the disposal took place in the 2023/24 tax year (6th April 2023 – 5th April 2024). You have until 31st January 2025 to claim BADR.
To be eligible to claim BADR, you’ll need to meet the following criteria:
There are two conditions required by which individuals could qualify for BADR if they’re selling all or part of their business:
Individuals must ensure the two-year minimum is met before selling their business. This timeframe is known as the ‘qualifying period’. If someone is closing their business, then the same conditions apply but BADR will only be available when the business asset is sold within three years of the business closing.
People with shares or securities in the company they work for can use this relief when they sell them. They’ll qualify for BADR as long as:
In both of these conditions, the individuals must hold the minimum two-year qualifying period until they sell their business.
In case of shares being disposed of from an Enterprise Management Incentive (EMI), the following conditions must be fulfilled:
Where the shares being disposed of are not from an Enterprise Management Incentive (EMI), the following criteria must be met:
An individual would also be liable for getting BADR if they hold less than 5% shares where the company issued more shares.
If the company stops operating as a trading company, an individual can still qualify for BADR if they sell their shares within three years of the company ceasing operations.
An individual who is a trustee may also be eligible for BADR by selling their shares. However, these claims can be more complicated depending on the circumstances of the trustees, trust and beneficiaries. Qualifying criteria are as follows:
You might find it useful to seek further advice on your particular circumstances when seeking BADR as a trustee.
Different criteria are needed for individuals looking to sell their assets that were loaned to their business. This category requires the following conditions:
If you’re an individual looking to sell assets that were loaned to your business, it’s a good idea to determine if the assets qualify for BADR in this category.
BADR is about giving relief for capital gains only. Other schemes, like capital allowances, VAT, and income tax relief will continue to work the same way they usually do. BADR doesn’t impact these schemes in any way.
Depending on the size of the business asset being disposed of, other schemes may be worth considering due to the £1 million lifetime limit of BADR. These schemes include Investors’ Relief, (Seed) Enterprise Investment Schemes, and Employee Ownership Trusts.
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